CWE-487 Base Incompleto Medium likelihood

Reliance on Package-level Scope

This weakness occurs when a Java application mistakenly treats package-level access as a security boundary, assuming it can prevent unauthorized access to code.

Definição

What is CWE-487?

This weakness occurs when a Java application mistakenly treats package-level access as a security boundary, assuming it can prevent unauthorized access to code.
In Java, the package-private scope (declared without `public`, `protected`, or `private`) is a development convenience, not a security feature. Its primary role is to organize code and prevent accidental coupling between unrelated parts of the application within the same program. However, because Java packages are not sealed or closed environments, other code can easily be placed in the same package—either intentionally or through classpath manipulation—to bypass this access restriction. Relying on package scope for security creates a false sense of protection. Attackers or malicious code can exploit this by defining classes within the targeted package, gaining full access to package-private members. For true access control, developers should use the Security Manager, proper module boundaries (Java Platform Module System), or explicit security checks, rather than depending on visibility modifiers alone.
Impacto no mundo real

Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-487

Ainda não há referências CVE públicas associadas a este CWE no catálogo da MITRE.

Como os atacantes a exploram

Trajeto do atacante passo a passo

  1. 1

    Identificar um caminho de código que trata input não confiável sem validação.

  2. 2

    Criar um payload que explora o comportamento inseguro — injeção, traversal, overflow ou abuso de lógica.

  3. 3

    Entregar o payload através de um pedido normal e observar a reação da aplicação.

  4. 4

    Iterar até que a resposta exponha dados, execute código do atacante ou escale privilégios.

Exemplo de código vulnerável

Vulnerable Java

The following example demonstrates the weakness.

Vulnerável Java
package math;
  public class Lebesgue implements Integration{
  		public final Static String youAreHidingThisFunction(functionToIntegrate){
  				return ...;
  		}
  }
Exemplo de código seguro

Secure pseudo

Seguro pseudo
// Validate, sanitize, or use a safe API before reaching the sink.
function handleRequest(input) {
  const safe = validateAndEscape(input);
  return executeWithGuards(safe);
}
What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.
Lista de verificação de prevenção

How to prevent CWE-487

  • Architecture and Design / Implementation Data should be private static and final whenever possible. This will assure that your code is protected by instantiating early, preventing access and tampering.
Sinais de deteção

How to detect CWE-487

SAST High

Executar análise estática (SAST) na base de código à procura do padrão inseguro no fluxo de dados.

DAST Moderate

Executar testes dinâmicos de segurança de aplicações (DAST) contra o endpoint em execução.

Runtime Moderate

Monitorizar os registos em tempo de execução para traços de exceção invulgares, input malformado ou tentativas de contornar a autorização.

Code review Moderate

Revisão de código: sinalizar qualquer novo código que trate input desta superfície sem usar os ajudantes validados do framework.

CWE-487

Don't catalog this weakness. Prove it's reachable.

Plexicus turns CWE catalogs into evidence: every CWE-pattern is matched against your real code graph, reach is proven on a sandbox clone, and verified findings ship as reviewed PRs.

Perguntas frequentes

Frequently asked questions

O que é o CWE-487?

This weakness occurs when a Java application mistakenly treats package-level access as a security boundary, assuming it can prevent unauthorized access to code.

Qual a gravidade do CWE-487?

A MITRE classifica a probabilidade de exploração como Média — a exploração é realista mas normalmente requer condições específicas.

Que linguagens ou plataformas são afetadas pelo CWE-487?

MITRE lists the following affected platforms: Java.

Como posso prevenir o CWE-487?

Data should be private static and final whenever possible. This will assure that your code is protected by instantiating early, preventing access and tampering.

Como é que o Plexicus deteta e corrige o CWE-487?

O motor SAST do Plexicus correlaciona a assinatura de fluxo de dados do CWE-487 em cada commit. Quando é encontrada uma correspondência, o nosso agente Codex Remedium abre um PR de correção com o código corrigido, testes e um resumo de uma linha para o revisor.

Onde posso saber mais sobre o CWE-487?

A MITRE publica a definição canónica em https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/487.html. Pode também consultar a documentação da OWASP e do NIST para orientações adjacentes.

Fraquezas relacionadas

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Pronto para validar o que importa?

Pronto para validar o que importa.

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SAMPLE HANDOVER · ILLUSTRATIVE

Sample evidence handover

A trimmed view of what your team receives at the end of an AI Swarm Pentest engagement. Real engagements include full technical evidence, executive narrative, and a remediation plan.

VALIDATED FINDING Evidence attached

Server-Side Request Forgery in webhooks/receiver

demo-project/sample-app · src/webhooks/receiver.py:42

SeverityHigh CVSS 3.18.6 Priority79 Confirmedvia replay

Untrusted caller-supplied URLs reach an internal egress without an allowlist. Replayed in a sandbox against a fresh authorized target — the same control was validated to fail twice.

REVIEWER-READY REMEDIATION Merge-ready PR

Validate the target URL against an allowlist of permitted hostnames. Reject private/internal IP ranges. Enforce HTTPS only.

plexicus/remediation/webhooks-ssrf 3 changed · 0 new files
42resp = requests.get(target_url)
42+if not is_allowed_host(target_url):
43+  raise WebhookRejected(target_url)
44+resp = requests.get(target_url, timeout=5)
Every engagement hands over:
  • Executive briefing
  • Validated findings list
  • Merge-ready PRs
  • Compliance mapping (NIS2 · DORA · CRA)
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