CWE-463 Base Incompleto

Deletion of Data Structure Sentinel

This vulnerability occurs when a program accidentally removes or corrupts a special marker used to define the boundaries of a data structure, leading to logic errors and unexpected behavior.

Definição

What is CWE-463?

This vulnerability occurs when a program accidentally removes or corrupts a special marker used to define the boundaries of a data structure, leading to logic errors and unexpected behavior.
Data structures often use hidden markers, called sentinels, to signal where they begin or end. Common examples include the null terminator ('\0') at the end of a string or a special node marking the tail of a linked list. If your code mistakenly deletes or overwrites this sentinel, the structure loses its defined boundary, causing functions that rely on it to fail or behave unpredictably. To prevent this, you should encapsulate the data structure and its sentinel within a controlled interface or API. This wrapper manages all access, ensuring that the critical sentinel value cannot be directly modified or deleted by other parts of the program. Treating the sentinel as protected internal state, rather than exposed data, is key to maintaining structural integrity and avoiding logic flaws.
Impacto no mundo real

Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-463

Ainda não há referências CVE públicas associadas a este CWE no catálogo da MITRE.

Como os atacantes a exploram

Trajeto do atacante passo a passo

  1. 1

    Identificar um caminho de código que trata input não confiável sem validação.

  2. 2

    Criar um payload que explora o comportamento inseguro — injeção, traversal, overflow ou abuso de lógica.

  3. 3

    Entregar o payload através de um pedido normal e observar a reação da aplicação.

  4. 4

    Iterar até que a resposta exponha dados, execute código do atacante ou escale privilégios.

Exemplo de código vulnerável

Vulnerable C

This example creates a null terminated string and prints it contents.

Vulnerável C
char *foo;
  int counter;
  foo=calloc(sizeof(char)*10);
  for (counter=0;counter!=10;counter++) {
  	foo[counter]='a';
  printf("%s\n",foo);
  }
Exemplo de código seguro

Secure pseudo

Seguro pseudo
// Validate, sanitize, or use a safe API before reaching the sink.
function handleRequest(input) {
  const safe = validateAndEscape(input);
  return executeWithGuards(safe);
}
What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.
Lista de verificação de prevenção

How to prevent CWE-463

  • Architecture and Design Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
  • Build and Compilation Run or compile the software using features or extensions that automatically provide a protection mechanism that mitigates or eliminates buffer overflows. For example, certain compilers and extensions provide automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are built into the compiled code. Examples include the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice.
  • Operation Use OS-level preventative functionality. Not a complete solution.
Sinais de deteção

How to detect CWE-463

SAST High

Executar análise estática (SAST) na base de código à procura do padrão inseguro no fluxo de dados.

DAST Moderate

Executar testes dinâmicos de segurança de aplicações (DAST) contra o endpoint em execução.

Runtime Moderate

Monitorizar os registos em tempo de execução para traços de exceção invulgares, input malformado ou tentativas de contornar a autorização.

Code review Moderate

Revisão de código: sinalizar qualquer novo código que trate input desta superfície sem usar os ajudantes validados do framework.

CWE-463

Don't catalog this weakness. Prove it's reachable.

Plexicus turns CWE catalogs into evidence: every CWE-pattern is matched against your real code graph, reach is proven on a sandbox clone, and verified findings ship as reviewed PRs.

Perguntas frequentes

Frequently asked questions

O que é o CWE-463?

This vulnerability occurs when a program accidentally removes or corrupts a special marker used to define the boundaries of a data structure, leading to logic errors and unexpected behavior.

Qual a gravidade do CWE-463?

A MITRE não publicou uma classificação de probabilidade de exploração para esta fraqueza. Trate-a como impacto médio até o seu modelo de ameaças provar o contrário.

Que linguagens ou plataformas são afetadas pelo CWE-463?

MITRE lists the following affected platforms: C, C++.

Como posso prevenir o CWE-463?

Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution. Run or compile the software using features or extensions that automatically provide a protection mechanism that mitigates or eliminates buffer overflows. For example, certain compilers and extensions provide automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are built into the compiled code. Examples include the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice.

Como é que o Plexicus deteta e corrige o CWE-463?

O motor SAST do Plexicus correlaciona a assinatura de fluxo de dados do CWE-463 em cada commit. Quando é encontrada uma correspondência, o nosso agente Codex Remedium abre um PR de correção com o código corrigido, testes e um resumo de uma linha para o revisor.

Onde posso saber mais sobre o CWE-463?

A MITRE publica a definição canónica em https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/463.html. Pode também consultar a documentação da OWASP e do NIST para orientações adjacentes.

Fraquezas relacionadas

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Pronto para validar o que importa?

Pronto para validar o que importa.

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SAMPLE HANDOVER · ILLUSTRATIVE

Sample evidence handover

A trimmed view of what your team receives at the end of an AI Swarm Pentest engagement. Real engagements include full technical evidence, executive narrative, and a remediation plan.

VALIDATED FINDING Evidence attached

Server-Side Request Forgery in webhooks/receiver

demo-project/sample-app · src/webhooks/receiver.py:42

SeverityHigh CVSS 3.18.6 Priority79 Confirmedvia replay

Untrusted caller-supplied URLs reach an internal egress without an allowlist. Replayed in a sandbox against a fresh authorized target — the same control was validated to fail twice.

REVIEWER-READY REMEDIATION Merge-ready PR

Validate the target URL against an allowlist of permitted hostnames. Reject private/internal IP ranges. Enforce HTTPS only.

plexicus/remediation/webhooks-ssrf 3 changed · 0 new files
42resp = requests.get(target_url)
42+if not is_allowed_host(target_url):
43+  raise WebhookRejected(target_url)
44+resp = requests.get(target_url, timeout=5)
Every engagement hands over:
  • Executive briefing
  • Validated findings list
  • Merge-ready PRs
  • Compliance mapping (NIS2 · DORA · CRA)
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