CWE-253 Base Incompleto Low likelihood

Incorrect Check of Function Return Value

This vulnerability occurs when a program misinterprets or improperly validates the return value from a function, causing it to miss critical error states or unexpected conditions.

Definição

What is CWE-253?

This vulnerability occurs when a program misinterprets or improperly validates the return value from a function, causing it to miss critical error states or unexpected conditions.
Many critical functions, especially those dealing with system resources, memory, files, or network connections, communicate success or failure through their return values. A developer must correctly check these values to understand if the operation completed as expected or if an error occurred that requires handling, such as a failed memory allocation or a closed network socket. Failing to perform accurate checks often leads to the program continuing execution as if nothing is wrong, even when it's operating on invalid data, null pointers, or corrupted states. This creates a gap between the actual error and the program's awareness of it, allowing subsequent operations to fail silently or behave unpredictably, which can lead to crashes, data corruption, or security bypasses.
Impacto no mundo real

Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-253

  • Chain: function in web caching proxy does not correctly check a return value (CWE-253) leading to a reachable assertion (CWE-617)

Como os atacantes a exploram

Trajeto do atacante passo a passo

  1. 1

    Identificar um caminho de código que trata input não confiável sem validação.

  2. 2

    Criar um payload que explora o comportamento inseguro — injeção, traversal, overflow ou abuso de lógica.

  3. 3

    Entregar o payload através de um pedido normal e observar a reação da aplicação.

  4. 4

    Iterar até que a resposta exponha dados, execute código do atacante ou escale privilégios.

Exemplo de código vulnerável

Vulnerable C

This code attempts to allocate memory for 4 integers and checks if the allocation succeeds.

Vulnerável C
tmp = malloc(sizeof(int) * 4);
  if (tmp < 0 ) {
  		perror("Failure");
```
//should have checked if the call returned 0* 
  		}
Exemplo de código seguro

Secure pseudo

Seguro pseudo
// Validate, sanitize, or use a safe API before reaching the sink.
function handleRequest(input) {
  const safe = validateAndEscape(input);
  return executeWithGuards(safe);
}
What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.
Lista de verificação de prevenção

How to prevent CWE-253

  • Architecture and Design Use a language or compiler that uses exceptions and requires the catching of those exceptions.
  • Implementation Properly check all functions which return a value.
  • Implementation When designing any function make sure you return a value or throw an exception in case of an error.
Sinais de deteção

How to detect CWE-253

SAST High

Executar análise estática (SAST) na base de código à procura do padrão inseguro no fluxo de dados.

DAST Moderate

Executar testes dinâmicos de segurança de aplicações (DAST) contra o endpoint em execução.

Runtime Moderate

Monitorizar os registos em tempo de execução para traços de exceção invulgares, input malformado ou tentativas de contornar a autorização.

Code review Moderate

Revisão de código: sinalizar qualquer novo código que trate input desta superfície sem usar os ajudantes validados do framework.

CWE-253

Don't catalog this weakness. Prove it's reachable.

Plexicus turns CWE catalogs into evidence: every CWE-pattern is matched against your real code graph, reach is proven on a sandbox clone, and verified findings ship as reviewed PRs.

Perguntas frequentes

Frequently asked questions

O que é o CWE-253?

This vulnerability occurs when a program misinterprets or improperly validates the return value from a function, causing it to miss critical error states or unexpected conditions.

Qual a gravidade do CWE-253?

A MITRE classifica a probabilidade de exploração como Baixa — a exploração é pouco comum, mas a fraqueza deve mesmo assim ser corrigida quando descoberta.

Que linguagens ou plataformas são afetadas pelo CWE-253?

A MITRE não especificou as plataformas afetadas por este CWE — pode aplicar-se à maioria das stacks de aplicações.

Como posso prevenir o CWE-253?

Use a language or compiler that uses exceptions and requires the catching of those exceptions. Properly check all functions which return a value.

Como é que o Plexicus deteta e corrige o CWE-253?

O motor SAST do Plexicus correlaciona a assinatura de fluxo de dados do CWE-253 em cada commit. Quando é encontrada uma correspondência, o nosso agente Codex Remedium abre um PR de correção com o código corrigido, testes e um resumo de uma linha para o revisor.

Onde posso saber mais sobre o CWE-253?

A MITRE publica a definição canónica em https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/253.html. Pode também consultar a documentação da OWASP e do NIST para orientações adjacentes.

Fraquezas relacionadas

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Pronto para validar o que importa.

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SAMPLE HANDOVER · ILLUSTRATIVE

Sample evidence handover

A trimmed view of what your team receives at the end of an AI Swarm Pentest engagement. Real engagements include full technical evidence, executive narrative, and a remediation plan.

VALIDATED FINDING Evidence attached

Server-Side Request Forgery in webhooks/receiver

demo-project/sample-app · src/webhooks/receiver.py:42

SeverityHigh CVSS 3.18.6 Priority79 Confirmedvia replay

Untrusted caller-supplied URLs reach an internal egress without an allowlist. Replayed in a sandbox against a fresh authorized target — the same control was validated to fail twice.

REVIEWER-READY REMEDIATION Merge-ready PR

Validate the target URL against an allowlist of permitted hostnames. Reject private/internal IP ranges. Enforce HTTPS only.

plexicus/remediation/webhooks-ssrf 3 changed · 0 new files
42resp = requests.get(target_url)
42+if not is_allowed_host(target_url):
43+  raise WebhookRejected(target_url)
44+resp = requests.get(target_url, timeout=5)
Every engagement hands over:
  • Executive briefing
  • Validated findings list
  • Merge-ready PRs
  • Compliance mapping (NIS2 · DORA · CRA)
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