CWE-56 Variante Incompleto

Path Equivalence: 'filedir*' (Wildcard)

This vulnerability occurs when an application accepts file or directory paths containing an asterisk wildcard ('*') without proper validation. Attackers can exploit this to bypass intended access…

Definición

What is CWE-56?

This vulnerability occurs when an application accepts file or directory paths containing an asterisk wildcard ('*') without proper validation. Attackers can exploit this to bypass intended access controls, potentially reading, writing, or executing files in unauthorized locations.
The core issue is that the asterisk wildcard, often used for pattern matching, is interpreted by the underlying operating system during path resolution. When an application passes user-supplied input like 'config*.txt' directly to file system APIs, the OS may resolve it to multiple unexpected files (e.g., 'config.txt', 'config_backup.txt', 'config_old.txt'). This creates an ambiguous path that can lead to unauthorized data exposure, file corruption, or even remote code execution if critical system files are targeted. To prevent this, developers must implement strict input validation that rejects paths containing wildcards before processing. Alternatively, applications should use allowlists of permitted filenames or canonicalize the path and then verify it resides strictly within the intended directory. Never rely on client-side validation alone; all path sanitization must be performed server-side using the application's trusted context.
Impacto en el mundo real

Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-56

Cómo lo explotan los atacantes

Ruta del atacante paso a paso

  1. 1

    Identifica una ruta de código que maneje entrada no confiable sin validación.

  2. 2

    Crea un payload que ejercite el comportamiento inseguro — inyección, traversal, overflow o abuso de lógica.

  3. 3

    Envía el payload a través de una solicitud normal y observa la reacción de la aplicación.

  4. 4

    Itera hasta que la respuesta filtre datos, ejecute código del atacante o escale privilegios.

Ejemplo de código vulnerable

Vulnerable pseudo

MITRE no ha publicado un ejemplo de código para esta CWE. El patrón siguiente es ilustrativo — consulta Recursos para referencias canónicas.

Vulnerable pseudo
// Example pattern — see MITRE for the canonical references.
function handleRequest(input) {
  // Untrusted input flows directly into the sensitive sink.
  return executeUnsafe(input);
}
Ejemplo de código seguro

Secure pseudo

Seguro pseudo
// Validate, sanitize, or use a safe API before reaching the sink.
function handleRequest(input) {
  const safe = validateAndEscape(input);
  return executeWithGuards(safe);
}
What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.
Lista de prevención

How to prevent CWE-56

  • Implementation Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
Señales de detección

How to detect CWE-56

SAST High

Ejecuta análisis estático (SAST) sobre el código buscando el patrón inseguro en el flujo de datos.

DAST Moderate

Ejecuta pruebas dinámicas de seguridad de aplicaciones (DAST) contra el endpoint en vivo.

Runtime Moderate

Vigila los logs en tiempo de ejecución para detectar trazas de excepción inusuales, entradas malformadas o intentos de bypass de autorización.

Code review Moderate

Revisión de código: marca cualquier código nuevo que maneje entrada desde esta superficie sin usar los helpers validados del framework.

CWE-56

Don't catalog this weakness. Prove it's reachable.

Plexicus turns CWE catalogs into evidence: every CWE-pattern is matched against your real code graph, reach is proven on a sandbox clone, and verified findings ship as reviewed PRs.

Preguntas frecuentes

Frequently asked questions

¿Qué es CWE-56?

This vulnerability occurs when an application accepts file or directory paths containing an asterisk wildcard ('*') without proper validation. Attackers can exploit this to bypass intended access controls, potentially reading, writing, or executing files in unauthorized locations.

¿Qué gravedad tiene CWE-56?

MITRE no ha publicado una calificación de probabilidad de explotación para esta debilidad. Trátala como de impacto medio hasta que tu modelo de amenazas demuestre lo contrario.

¿Qué lenguajes o plataformas se ven afectados por CWE-56?

MITRE no ha especificado plataformas afectadas para esta CWE — puede aplicar a la mayoría de los stacks de aplicaciones.

¿Cómo puedo prevenir CWE-56?

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.

¿Cómo detecta y corrige Plexicus CWE-56?

El motor SAST de Plexicus detecta la firma de flujo de datos para CWE-56 en cada commit. Cuando hay coincidencia, nuestro agente Codex Remedium abre un PR de corrección con el código corregido, las pruebas y un resumen de una línea para el revisor.

¿Dónde puedo aprender más sobre CWE-56?

MITRE publica la definición canónica en https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/56.html. También puedes consultar la documentación de OWASP y NIST para guías relacionadas.

Debilidades relacionadas

Weaknesses related to CWE-56

CWE-41 Padre

Improper Resolution of Path Equivalence

This vulnerability occurs when an application fails to properly handle different text representations that refer to the same file or…

CWE-42 Hermano

Path Equivalence: 'filename.' (Trailing Dot)

This vulnerability occurs when a system accepts file or directory paths that end with a dot (like 'file.txt.' or 'folder.') without…

CWE-44 Hermano

Path Equivalence: 'file.name' (Internal Dot)

This vulnerability occurs when an application accepts file paths containing internal dots (like 'file.ordir') without properly checking…

CWE-46 Hermano

Path Equivalence: 'filename ' (Trailing Space)

This vulnerability occurs when an application processes file paths that end with a space character (like 'document.txt ') without properly…

CWE-47 Hermano

Path Equivalence: ' filename' (Leading Space)

This vulnerability occurs when an application accepts file or directory paths that begin with a space character (like ' filename'),…

CWE-48 Hermano

Path Equivalence: 'file name' (Internal Whitespace)

This vulnerability occurs when an application accepts file paths containing internal spaces (like 'file name') without proper validation.…

CWE-49 Hermano

Path Equivalence: 'filename/' (Trailing Slash)

This vulnerability occurs when an application accepts file or directory paths that end with a slash (e.g., 'documents/') without properly…

CWE-50 Hermano

Path Equivalence: '//multiple/leading/slash'

This vulnerability occurs when an application accepts file or directory paths containing multiple leading slashes (like…

CWE-51 Hermano

Path Equivalence: '/multiple//internal/slash'

This vulnerability occurs when an application accepts file or directory paths containing multiple consecutive forward slashes (e.g.,…

¿Listo para validar lo que importa?

Listo para validar lo que importa.

Plexicus es Proof-Driven AppSec: hallazgos validados, comprensión contextual y remediación revisada — anclada en evidencia, acotada contigo.

Calificación

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SAMPLE HANDOVER · ILLUSTRATIVE

Sample evidence handover

A trimmed view of what your team receives at the end of an AI Swarm Pentest engagement. Real engagements include full technical evidence, executive narrative, and a remediation plan.

VALIDATED FINDING Evidence attached

Server-Side Request Forgery in webhooks/receiver

demo-project/sample-app · src/webhooks/receiver.py:42

SeverityHigh CVSS 3.18.6 Priority79 Confirmedvia replay

Untrusted caller-supplied URLs reach an internal egress without an allowlist. Replayed in a sandbox against a fresh authorized target — the same control was validated to fail twice.

REVIEWER-READY REMEDIATION Merge-ready PR

Validate the target URL against an allowlist of permitted hostnames. Reject private/internal IP ranges. Enforce HTTPS only.

plexicus/remediation/webhooks-ssrf 3 changed · 0 new files
42resp = requests.get(target_url)
42+if not is_allowed_host(target_url):
43+  raise WebhookRejected(target_url)
44+resp = requests.get(target_url, timeout=5)
Every engagement hands over:
  • Executive briefing
  • Validated findings list
  • Merge-ready PRs
  • Compliance mapping (NIS2 · DORA · CRA)
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