CWE-446 Clase Incompleto

UI Discrepancy for Security Feature

This vulnerability occurs when a user interface incorrectly displays a security feature as active or properly configured, misleading users into believing they are protected when they are not.

Definición

What is CWE-446?

This vulnerability occurs when a user interface incorrectly displays a security feature as active or properly configured, misleading users into believing they are protected when they are not.
This flaw creates a dangerous gap between what the user sees and what the system actually does. For example, a user might toggle a setting labeled "Enable end-to-end encryption" and see a visual confirmation, but the underlying software fails to activate the encryption layer. The interface provides a false positive, leaving data exposed during transmission. These discrepancies often stem from poor synchronization between the UI state and the backend security controls. Another common scenario is when a user sets an access control rule to "Deny All," but the system only implements a weaker "Deny Some" policy. This erodes trust and can lead directly to security breaches because users rely on visual feedback that does not match reality.
Impacto en el mundo real

Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-446

  • UI inconsistency; visited URLs list not cleared when "Clear History" option is selected.

Cómo lo explotan los atacantes

Ruta del atacante paso a paso

  1. 1

    Identifica una ruta de código que maneje entrada no confiable sin validación.

  2. 2

    Crea un payload que ejercite el comportamiento inseguro — inyección, traversal, overflow o abuso de lógica.

  3. 3

    Envía el payload a través de una solicitud normal y observa la reacción de la aplicación.

  4. 4

    Itera hasta que la respuesta filtre datos, ejecute código del atacante o escale privilegios.

Ejemplo de código vulnerable

Vulnerable pseudo

MITRE no ha publicado un ejemplo de código para esta CWE. El patrón siguiente es ilustrativo — consulta Recursos para referencias canónicas.

Vulnerable pseudo
// Example pattern — see MITRE for the canonical references.
function handleRequest(input) {
  // Untrusted input flows directly into the sensitive sink.
  return executeUnsafe(input);
}
Ejemplo de código seguro

Secure pseudo

Seguro pseudo
// Validate, sanitize, or use a safe API before reaching the sink.
function handleRequest(input) {
  const safe = validateAndEscape(input);
  return executeWithGuards(safe);
}
What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.
Lista de prevención

How to prevent CWE-446

  • Architecture Use safe-by-default frameworks and APIs that prevent the unsafe pattern from being expressible.
  • Implementation Validate input at trust boundaries; use allowlists, not denylists.
  • Implementation Apply the principle of least privilege to credentials, file paths, and runtime permissions.
  • Testing Cover this weakness in CI: SAST rules + targeted unit tests for the data flow.
  • Operation Monitor logs for the runtime signals listed in the next section.
Señales de detección

How to detect CWE-446

SAST High

Ejecuta análisis estático (SAST) sobre el código buscando el patrón inseguro en el flujo de datos.

DAST Moderate

Ejecuta pruebas dinámicas de seguridad de aplicaciones (DAST) contra el endpoint en vivo.

Runtime Moderate

Vigila los logs en tiempo de ejecución para detectar trazas de excepción inusuales, entradas malformadas o intentos de bypass de autorización.

Code review Moderate

Revisión de código: marca cualquier código nuevo que maneje entrada desde esta superficie sin usar los helpers validados del framework.

CWE-446

Don't catalog this weakness. Prove it's reachable.

Plexicus turns CWE catalogs into evidence: every CWE-pattern is matched against your real code graph, reach is proven on a sandbox clone, and verified findings ship as reviewed PRs.

Preguntas frecuentes

Frequently asked questions

¿Qué es CWE-446?

This vulnerability occurs when a user interface incorrectly displays a security feature as active or properly configured, misleading users into believing they are protected when they are not.

¿Qué gravedad tiene CWE-446?

MITRE no ha publicado una calificación de probabilidad de explotación para esta debilidad. Trátala como de impacto medio hasta que tu modelo de amenazas demuestre lo contrario.

¿Qué lenguajes o plataformas se ven afectados por CWE-446?

MITRE no ha especificado plataformas afectadas para esta CWE — puede aplicar a la mayoría de los stacks de aplicaciones.

¿Cómo puedo prevenir CWE-446?

Use safe-by-default frameworks, validate untrusted input at trust boundaries, and apply the principle of least privilege. Cover the data-flow signature in CI with SAST.

¿Cómo detecta y corrige Plexicus CWE-446?

El motor SAST de Plexicus detecta la firma de flujo de datos para CWE-446 en cada commit. Cuando hay coincidencia, nuestro agente Codex Remedium abre un PR de corrección con el código corregido, las pruebas y un resumen de una línea para el revisor.

¿Dónde puedo aprender más sobre CWE-446?

MITRE publica la definición canónica en https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/446.html. También puedes consultar la documentación de OWASP y NIST para guías relacionadas.

Debilidades relacionadas

Weaknesses related to CWE-446

CWE-684 Padre

Incorrect Provision of Specified Functionality

This weakness occurs when software behaves differently than its documented specifications, which can mislead users and create security…

CWE-1245 Hermano

Improper Finite State Machines (FSMs) in Hardware Logic

This vulnerability occurs when hardware logic contains flawed Finite State Machines (FSMs). Attackers can exploit these design errors to…

CWE-392 Hermano

Missing Report of Error Condition

This vulnerability occurs when a system fails to properly signal that an error has happened. Instead of returning a clear error code,…

CWE-393 Hermano

Return of Wrong Status Code

This vulnerability occurs when a function returns an inaccurate status code or value that misrepresents the actual outcome of an…

CWE-440 Hermano

Expected Behavior Violation

This weakness occurs when a software component, such as a function, API, or feature, fails to act as documented or intended. The system's…

CWE-451 Hermano

User Interface (UI) Misrepresentation of Critical Information

This vulnerability occurs when a user interface fails to accurately display or highlight crucial information, potentially misleading users…

CWE-912 Hermano

Hidden Functionality

Hidden functionality refers to undocumented features, commands, or code within a product that are not part of its official specification…

CWE-447 Hijo

Unimplemented or Unsupported Feature in UI

This vulnerability occurs when a user interface displays a security feature as active and functional, but the underlying code that powers…

CWE-448 Hijo

Obsolete Feature in UI

This vulnerability occurs when a user interface (UI) includes outdated or deprecated features, but fails to alert users about their…

¿Listo para validar lo que importa?

Listo para validar lo que importa.

Plexicus es Proof-Driven AppSec: hallazgos validados, comprensión contextual y remediación revisada — anclada en evidencia, acotada contigo.

Calificación

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SAMPLE HANDOVER · ILLUSTRATIVE

Sample evidence handover

A trimmed view of what your team receives at the end of an AI Swarm Pentest engagement. Real engagements include full technical evidence, executive narrative, and a remediation plan.

VALIDATED FINDING Evidence attached

Server-Side Request Forgery in webhooks/receiver

demo-project/sample-app · src/webhooks/receiver.py:42

SeverityHigh CVSS 3.18.6 Priority79 Confirmedvia replay

Untrusted caller-supplied URLs reach an internal egress without an allowlist. Replayed in a sandbox against a fresh authorized target — the same control was validated to fail twice.

REVIEWER-READY REMEDIATION Merge-ready PR

Validate the target URL against an allowlist of permitted hostnames. Reject private/internal IP ranges. Enforce HTTPS only.

plexicus/remediation/webhooks-ssrf 3 changed · 0 new files
42resp = requests.get(target_url)
42+if not is_allowed_host(target_url):
43+  raise WebhookRejected(target_url)
44+resp = requests.get(target_url, timeout=5)
Every engagement hands over:
  • Executive briefing
  • Validated findings list
  • Merge-ready PRs
  • Compliance mapping (NIS2 · DORA · CRA)
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