CWE-1385 Variante Incompleto

Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets

This vulnerability occurs when a WebSocket connection is established without verifying the origin of incoming messages, allowing potentially malicious data from untrusted sources.

Definición

What is CWE-1385?

This vulnerability occurs when a WebSocket connection is established without verifying the origin of incoming messages, allowing potentially malicious data from untrusted sources.
WebSockets enable persistent, two-way communication between a client and server, which is ideal for real-time features. Unlike standard HTTP requests, these connections stay open and are not automatically restricted by browser security policies like the Same-Origin Policy (SOP) or Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS). This means a WebSocket can receive messages from any origin unless the server explicitly validates where the connection is coming from. Without proper origin checks, attackers can exploit these open channels to launch powerful Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks or send malicious data. To prevent this, developers must implement server-side validation for every WebSocket connection request, ensuring it originates from a trusted and expected domain before allowing communication to proceed.
Impacto en el mundo real

Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-1385

  • web console for SIEM product does not check Origin header, allowing Cross Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWH)

  • Chain: gaming client attempts to validate the Origin header, but only uses a substring, allowing Cross-Site WebSocket hijacking by forcing requests from an origin whose hostname is a substring of the valid origin.

  • WebSocket server does not check the origin of requests, allowing attackers to steal developer's code using a ws://127.0.0.1:3123/ connection.

  • WebSocket server does not check the origin of requests, allowing attackers to steal developer's code using a ws://127.0.0.1/ connection to a randomized port number.

  • WebSocket server does not check the origin of requests, allowing attackers to steal developer's code using a ws://127.0.0.1:8080/ connection.

Cómo lo explotan los atacantes

Ruta del atacante paso a paso

  1. 1

    Identifica una ruta de código que maneje entrada no confiable sin validación.

  2. 2

    Crea un payload que ejercite el comportamiento inseguro — inyección, traversal, overflow o abuso de lógica.

  3. 3

    Envía el payload a través de una solicitud normal y observa la reacción de la aplicación.

  4. 4

    Itera hasta que la respuesta filtre datos, ejecute código del atacante o escale privilegios.

Ejemplo de código vulnerable

Vulnerable pseudo

MITRE no ha publicado un ejemplo de código para esta CWE. El patrón siguiente es ilustrativo — consulta Recursos para referencias canónicas.

Vulnerable pseudo
// Example pattern — see MITRE for the canonical references.
function handleRequest(input) {
  // Untrusted input flows directly into the sensitive sink.
  return executeUnsafe(input);
}
Ejemplo de código seguro

Secure pseudo

Seguro pseudo
// Validate, sanitize, or use a safe API before reaching the sink.
function handleRequest(input) {
  const safe = validateAndEscape(input);
  return executeWithGuards(safe);
}
What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.
Lista de prevención

How to prevent CWE-1385

  • Implementation Enable CORS-like access restrictions by verifying the 'Origin' header during the WebSocket handshake.
  • Implementation Use a randomized CSRF token to verify requests.
  • Implementation Use TLS to securely communicate using 'wss' (WebSocket Secure) instead of 'ws'.
  • Architecture and Design / Implementation Require user authentication prior to the WebSocket connection being established. For example, the WS library in Node has a 'verifyClient' function.
  • Implementation Leverage rate limiting to prevent against DoS. Use of the leaky bucket algorithm can help with this.
  • Implementation Use a library that provides restriction of the payload size. For example, WS library for Node includes 'maxPayloadoption' that can be set.
  • Implementation Treat data/input as untrusted in both directions and apply the same data/input sanitization as XSS, SQLi, etc.
Señales de detección

How to detect CWE-1385

SAST High

Ejecuta análisis estático (SAST) sobre el código buscando el patrón inseguro en el flujo de datos.

DAST Moderate

Ejecuta pruebas dinámicas de seguridad de aplicaciones (DAST) contra el endpoint en vivo.

Runtime Moderate

Vigila los logs en tiempo de ejecución para detectar trazas de excepción inusuales, entradas malformadas o intentos de bypass de autorización.

Code review Moderate

Revisión de código: marca cualquier código nuevo que maneje entrada desde esta superficie sin usar los helpers validados del framework.

CWE-1385

Don't catalog this weakness. Prove it's reachable.

Plexicus turns CWE catalogs into evidence: every CWE-pattern is matched against your real code graph, reach is proven on a sandbox clone, and verified findings ship as reviewed PRs.

Preguntas frecuentes

Frequently asked questions

¿Qué es CWE-1385?

This vulnerability occurs when a WebSocket connection is established without verifying the origin of incoming messages, allowing potentially malicious data from untrusted sources.

¿Qué gravedad tiene CWE-1385?

MITRE no ha publicado una calificación de probabilidad de explotación para esta debilidad. Trátala como de impacto medio hasta que tu modelo de amenazas demuestre lo contrario.

¿Qué lenguajes o plataformas se ven afectados por CWE-1385?

MITRE lists the following affected platforms: Web Server.

¿Cómo puedo prevenir CWE-1385?

Enable CORS-like access restrictions by verifying the 'Origin' header during the WebSocket handshake. Use a randomized CSRF token to verify requests.

¿Cómo detecta y corrige Plexicus CWE-1385?

El motor SAST de Plexicus detecta la firma de flujo de datos para CWE-1385 en cada commit. Cuando hay coincidencia, nuestro agente Codex Remedium abre un PR de corrección con el código corregido, las pruebas y un resumen de una línea para el revisor.

¿Dónde puedo aprender más sobre CWE-1385?

MITRE publica la definición canónica en https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/1385.html. También puedes consultar la documentación de OWASP y NIST para guías relacionadas.

¿Listo para validar lo que importa?

Listo para validar lo que importa.

Plexicus es Proof-Driven AppSec: hallazgos validados, comprensión contextual y remediación revisada — anclada en evidencia, acotada contigo.

Calificación

Comprueba si el AI Swarm Pentest encaja en tu entorno.

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Antes de enviar — verifica que encajas

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Sin compromiso. Si no encajas, te lo decimos.

SAMPLE HANDOVER · ILLUSTRATIVE

Sample evidence handover

A trimmed view of what your team receives at the end of an AI Swarm Pentest engagement. Real engagements include full technical evidence, executive narrative, and a remediation plan.

VALIDATED FINDING Evidence attached

Server-Side Request Forgery in webhooks/receiver

demo-project/sample-app · src/webhooks/receiver.py:42

SeverityHigh CVSS 3.18.6 Priority79 Confirmedvia replay

Untrusted caller-supplied URLs reach an internal egress without an allowlist. Replayed in a sandbox against a fresh authorized target — the same control was validated to fail twice.

REVIEWER-READY REMEDIATION Merge-ready PR

Validate the target URL against an allowlist of permitted hostnames. Reject private/internal IP ranges. Enforce HTTPS only.

plexicus/remediation/webhooks-ssrf 3 changed · 0 new files
42resp = requests.get(target_url)
42+if not is_allowed_host(target_url):
43+  raise WebhookRejected(target_url)
44+resp = requests.get(target_url, timeout=5)
Every engagement hands over:
  • Executive briefing
  • Validated findings list
  • Merge-ready PRs
  • Compliance mapping (NIS2 · DORA · CRA)
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