CWE-1316: Fabric-Address Map Allows Programming of Unwarranted Overlaps of Protected and Unprotected Ranges

Definición

What is CWE-1316?

This vulnerability occurs when a hardware fabric's address map incorrectly allows protected and unprotected memory regions to overlap. Attackers can exploit this overlap to bypass security controls and access restricted data or functions.

In system-on-chip (SoC) designs, the address map defines protected and unprotected ranges for memory and memory-mapped I/O (MMIO). These ranges, often set by base and size registers, are meant to enforce isolation—keeping sensitive data in access-controlled areas. However, if these ranges are programmed to overlap, either accidentally through a design error or intentionally via malicious software in dynamically reconfigurable systems, the hardware's access control logic can become confused. When a protected range overlaps with an unprotected one, an attacker can craft transactions targeting the overlapping address space. Since the unprotected path provides a valid route, the hardware may fail to apply the proper security checks, allowing unauthorized access. This breach violates the core security principle of least privilege, as the overlap creates a backdoor that circumvents the intended protection mechanisms.

Impacto en el mundo real

Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-1316

CVE-2009-4419

Attacker can modify MCHBAR register to overlap with an attacker-controlled region, which modification prevents the SENTER instruction from properly applying VT-d protection while a Measured Launch Environment is being launched.

Cómo lo explotan los atacantes

Ruta del atacante paso a paso

1
An on-chip fabric supports a 64KB address space that is memory-mapped. The fabric has two range registers that support creation of two protected ranges with specific size constraints--4KB, 8KB, 16KB or 32KB. Assets that belong to user A require 4KB, and those of user B require 20KB. Registers and other assets that are not security-sensitive require 40KB. One range register is configured to program 4KB to protect user A's assets. Since a 20KB range cannot be created with the given size constraints, the range register for user B's assets is configured as 32KB. The rest of the address space is left as open. As a result, some part of untrusted and open-address space overlaps with user B range.
2
The fabric does not support least privilege, and an attacker can send a transaction to the overlapping region to tamper with user B data.
3
Since range B only requires 20KB but is allotted 32KB, there is 12KB of reserved space. Overlapping this region of user B data, where there are no assets, with the untrusted space will prevent an attacker from tampering with user B data.

Ejemplo de código vulnerable

Vulnerable pseudo

MITRE no ha publicado un ejemplo de código para esta CWE. El patrón siguiente es ilustrativo — consulta Recursos para referencias canónicas.

Vulnerable pseudo

// Example pattern — see MITRE for the canonical references.
function handleRequest(input) {
  // Untrusted input flows directly into the sensitive sink.
  return executeUnsafe(input);
}

Ejemplo de código seguro

Secure pseudo

Seguro pseudo

// Validate, sanitize, or use a safe API before reaching the sink.
function handleRequest(input) {
  const safe = validateAndEscape(input);
  return executeWithGuards(safe);
}

What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.

Lista de prevención

How to prevent CWE-1316

Architecture and Design When architecting the address map of the chip, ensure that protected and unprotected ranges are isolated and do not overlap. When designing, ensure that ranges hardcoded in Register-Transfer Level (RTL) do not overlap.
Implementation Ranges configured by firmware should not overlap. If overlaps are mandatory because of constraints such as a limited number of registers, then ensure that no assets are present in the overlapped portion.
Testing Validate mitigation actions with robust testing.

Señales de detección

How to detect CWE-1316

Automated Dynamic Analysis High

Review address map in specification to see if there are any overlapping ranges.

Manual Static Analysis High

Negative testing of access control on overlapped ranges.

CWE-1316

Don't catalog this weakness. Prove it's reachable.

Plexicus turns CWE catalogs into evidence: every CWE-pattern is matched against your real code graph, reach is proven on a sandbox clone, and verified findings ship as reviewed PRs.

Request AI Swarm Pentest

Preguntas frecuentes

Frequently asked questions

¿Qué es CWE-1316?

This vulnerability occurs when a hardware fabric's address map incorrectly allows protected and unprotected memory regions to overlap. Attackers can exploit this overlap to bypass security controls and access restricted data or functions.

¿Qué gravedad tiene CWE-1316?

MITRE no ha publicado una calificación de probabilidad de explotación para esta debilidad. Trátala como de impacto medio hasta que tu modelo de amenazas demuestre lo contrario.

¿Qué lenguajes o plataformas se ven afectados por CWE-1316?

MITRE lists the following affected platforms: Not OS-Specific, Not Architecture-Specific, Bus/Interface Hardware, Not Technology-Specific.

¿Cómo puedo prevenir CWE-1316?

When architecting the address map of the chip, ensure that protected and unprotected ranges are isolated and do not overlap. When designing, ensure that ranges hardcoded in Register-Transfer Level (RTL) do not overlap. Ranges configured by firmware should not overlap. If overlaps are mandatory because of constraints such as a limited number of registers, then ensure that no assets are present in the overlapped portion.

¿Cómo detecta y corrige Plexicus CWE-1316?

El motor SAST de Plexicus detecta la firma de flujo de datos para CWE-1316 en cada commit. Cuando hay coincidencia, nuestro agente Codex Remedium abre un PR de corrección con el código corregido, las pruebas y un resumen de una línea para el revisor.

¿Dónde puedo aprender más sobre CWE-1316?

MITRE publica la definición canónica en https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/1316.html. También puedes consultar la documentación de OWASP y NIST para guías relacionadas.

Debilidades relacionadas

Weaknesses related to CWE-1316

CWE-284 Padre

Listo para validar lo que importa.

Plexicus es Proof-Driven AppSec: hallazgos validados, comprensión contextual y remediación revisada — anclada en evidencia, acotada contigo.

Reservar Pentest

Fabric-Address Map Allows Programming of Unwarranted Overlaps of Protected and Unprotected Ranges

What is CWE-1316?

Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-1316

Ruta del atacante paso a paso

Vulnerable pseudo

Secure pseudo

How to prevent CWE-1316

How to detect CWE-1316

Don't catalog this weakness. Prove it's reachable.

Frequently asked questions

Weaknesses related to CWE-1316

Improper Access Control

On-Chip Debug and Test Interface With Improper Access Control

Insufficient Granularity of Access Control

Improper Restriction of Write-Once Bit Fields

Improper Prevention of Lock Bit Modification

Security-Sensitive Hardware Controls with Missing Lock Bit Protection

CPU Hardware Not Configured to Support Exclusivity of Write and Execute Operations

Improper Access Control Applied to Mirrored or Aliased Memory Regions

Improper Restriction of Security Token Assignment

Further reading

Listo para validar lo que importa.

Comprueba si el AI Swarm Pentest encaja en tu entorno.

Solicitud recibida. Reserva el siguiente paso.

Sample evidence handover

Server-Side Request Forgery in `webhooks/receiver`