CWE-1259 Base Incompleto

Improper Restriction of Security Token Assignment

This vulnerability occurs when a System-on-a-Chip (SoC) fails to properly secure its Security Token mechanism. These tokens control which actions different system components are allowed to perform,…

Definición

What is CWE-1259?

This vulnerability occurs when a System-on-a-Chip (SoC) fails to properly secure its Security Token mechanism. These tokens control which actions different system components are allowed to perform, but inadequate protection allows them to be manipulated.
Security Tokens act as digital IDs within a System-on-a-Chip, determining what operations each component can execute—such as read, write, program, or reset. Each agent in the system receives one or more tokens based on its trust level and privileges. Since these tokens directly enforce security boundaries, any weakness in their assignment or protection compromises the entire system's integrity. When token assignment isn't properly restricted, malicious agents can reprogram or spoof tokens to impersonate trusted components. This allows attackers to bypass privilege checks and perform unauthorized actions, effectively breaking the hardware's security model. Proper implementation must ensure tokens are immutable and only assignable by trusted system logic.
Impacto en el mundo real

Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-1259

Todavía no hay CVEs públicos enlazados a esta CWE en el catálogo de MITRE.

Cómo lo explotan los atacantes

Ruta del atacante paso a paso

  1. 1

    For example, consider a system with a register for storing an AES key for encryption and decryption. The key is of 128 bits implemented as a set of four 32-bit registers. The key register assets have an associated control register, AES_KEY_ACCESS_POLICY, which provides the necessary access controls. This access-policy register defines which agents may engage in a transaction, and the type of transaction, with the AES-key registers. Each bit in this 32-bit register defines a security Token. There could be a maximum of 32 security Tokens that are allowed access to the AES-key registers. The number of the bit when set (i.e., "1") allows respective action from an agent whose identity matches the number of the bit and, if "0" (i.e., Clear), disallows the respective action to that corresponding agent.

  2. 2

    Let's assume the system has two agents: a Main-controller and an Aux-controller. The respective Security Tokens are "1" and "2". | Register | Description | Default | | --- | --- | --- | | AES_ENC_DEC_KEY_0 | AES key [0:31] for encryption or decryption | 0x00000000 | | AES_ENC_DEC_KEY_1 | AES key [32:63] for encryption or decryption | 0x00000000 | | AES_ENC_DEC_KEY_2 | AES key [64:95] for encryption or decryption | 0x00000000 | | AES_ENC_DEC_KEY_3 | AES key [96:127] for encryption or decryption | 0x00000000 | | AES_KEY_ACCESS_POLICY | AES key access register [31:0] | 0x00000002 |

  3. 3

    An agent with Security Token "1" has access to AES_ENC_DEC_KEY_0 through AES_ENC_DEC_KEY_3 registers. As per the above access policy, the AES-Key-access policy allows access to the AES-key registers if the security Token is "1".

  4. 4

    The SoC does not properly protect the Security Token of the agents, and, hence, the Aux-controller in the above example can spoof the transaction (i.e., send the transaction as if it is coming from the Main-controller to access the AES-Key registers)

Ejemplo de código vulnerable

Vulnerable Other

An agent with Security Token "1" has access to AES_ENC_DEC_KEY_0 through AES_ENC_DEC_KEY_3 registers. As per the above access policy, the AES-Key-access policy allows access to the AES-key registers if the security Token is "1".

Vulnerable Other
The Aux-controller could program its Security Token to "1" from "2".
Ejemplo de código seguro

Secure Other

The SoC does not properly protect the Security Token of the agents, and, hence, the Aux-controller in the above example can spoof the transaction (i.e., send the transaction as if it is coming from the Main-controller to access the AES-Key registers)

Seguro Other
The SoC needs to protect the Security Tokens. None of the agents in the SoC should have the ability to change the Security Token.
What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.
Lista de prevención

How to prevent CWE-1259

  • Architecture and Design / Implementation - Security Token assignment review checks for design inconsistency and common weaknesses. - Security-Token definition and programming flow is tested in both pre-silicon and post-silicon testing.
Señales de detección

How to detect CWE-1259

SAST High

Ejecuta análisis estático (SAST) sobre el código buscando el patrón inseguro en el flujo de datos.

DAST Moderate

Ejecuta pruebas dinámicas de seguridad de aplicaciones (DAST) contra el endpoint en vivo.

Runtime Moderate

Vigila los logs en tiempo de ejecución para detectar trazas de excepción inusuales, entradas malformadas o intentos de bypass de autorización.

Code review Moderate

Revisión de código: marca cualquier código nuevo que maneje entrada desde esta superficie sin usar los helpers validados del framework.

CWE-1259

Don't catalog this weakness. Prove it's reachable.

Plexicus turns CWE catalogs into evidence: every CWE-pattern is matched against your real code graph, reach is proven on a sandbox clone, and verified findings ship as reviewed PRs.

Preguntas frecuentes

Frequently asked questions

¿Qué es CWE-1259?

This vulnerability occurs when a System-on-a-Chip (SoC) fails to properly secure its Security Token mechanism. These tokens control which actions different system components are allowed to perform, but inadequate protection allows them to be manipulated.

¿Qué gravedad tiene CWE-1259?

MITRE no ha publicado una calificación de probabilidad de explotación para esta debilidad. Trátala como de impacto medio hasta que tu modelo de amenazas demuestre lo contrario.

¿Qué lenguajes o plataformas se ven afectados por CWE-1259?

MITRE lists the following affected platforms: Not OS-Specific, Not Architecture-Specific, Processor Hardware, System on Chip.

¿Cómo puedo prevenir CWE-1259?

- Security Token assignment review checks for design inconsistency and common weaknesses. - Security-Token definition and programming flow is tested in both pre-silicon and post-silicon testing.

¿Cómo detecta y corrige Plexicus CWE-1259?

El motor SAST de Plexicus detecta la firma de flujo de datos para CWE-1259 en cada commit. Cuando hay coincidencia, nuestro agente Codex Remedium abre un PR de corrección con el código corregido, las pruebas y un resumen de una línea para el revisor.

¿Dónde puedo aprender más sobre CWE-1259?

MITRE publica la definición canónica en https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/1259.html. También puedes consultar la documentación de OWASP y NIST para guías relacionadas.

Debilidades relacionadas

Weaknesses related to CWE-1259

CWE-284 Padre

Improper Access Control

The software fails to properly limit who can access a resource, allowing unauthorized users or systems to interact with it.

CWE-1191 Hermano

On-Chip Debug and Test Interface With Improper Access Control

This vulnerability occurs when a hardware chip's debug or test interface (like JTAG) lacks proper access controls. Without correct…

CWE-1220 Hermano

Insufficient Granularity of Access Control

This vulnerability occurs when a system's access controls are too broad, allowing unauthorized users or processes to read or modify…

CWE-1224 Hermano

Improper Restriction of Write-Once Bit Fields

This vulnerability occurs when hardware write-once protection mechanisms, often called 'sticky bits,' are incorrectly implemented,…

CWE-1231 Hermano

Improper Prevention of Lock Bit Modification

This vulnerability occurs when hardware or firmware uses a lock bit to protect critical system registers or memory regions, but fails to…

CWE-1233 Hermano

Security-Sensitive Hardware Controls with Missing Lock Bit Protection

This vulnerability occurs when a hardware device uses a lock bit to protect critical configuration registers, but the lock fails to…

CWE-1252 Hermano

CPU Hardware Not Configured to Support Exclusivity of Write and Execute Operations

This vulnerability occurs when a CPU's hardware is not set up to enforce a strict separation between writing data to memory and executing…

CWE-1257 Hermano

Improper Access Control Applied to Mirrored or Aliased Memory Regions

This vulnerability occurs when a hardware design maps the same physical memory to multiple addresses (aliasing or mirroring) but fails to…

CWE-1260 Hermano

Improper Handling of Overlap Between Protected Memory Ranges

This vulnerability occurs when a system incorrectly allows different memory protection ranges to overlap. This flaw can let attackers…

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SAMPLE HANDOVER · ILLUSTRATIVE

Sample evidence handover

A trimmed view of what your team receives at the end of an AI Swarm Pentest engagement. Real engagements include full technical evidence, executive narrative, and a remediation plan.

VALIDATED FINDING Evidence attached

Server-Side Request Forgery in webhooks/receiver

demo-project/sample-app · src/webhooks/receiver.py:42

SeverityHigh CVSS 3.18.6 Priority79 Confirmedvia replay

Untrusted caller-supplied URLs reach an internal egress without an allowlist. Replayed in a sandbox against a fresh authorized target — the same control was validated to fail twice.

REVIEWER-READY REMEDIATION Merge-ready PR

Validate the target URL against an allowlist of permitted hostnames. Reject private/internal IP ranges. Enforce HTTPS only.

plexicus/remediation/webhooks-ssrf 3 changed · 0 new files
42resp = requests.get(target_url)
42+if not is_allowed_host(target_url):
43+  raise WebhookRejected(target_url)
44+resp = requests.get(target_url, timeout=5)
Every engagement hands over:
  • Executive briefing
  • Validated findings list
  • Merge-ready PRs
  • Compliance mapping (NIS2 · DORA · CRA)
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