CWE-12 Variante Borrador

ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Missing Custom Error Page

This vulnerability occurs when an ASP.NET application fails to configure custom error pages, allowing attackers to extract sensitive information from the framework's default error messages.

Definición

What is CWE-12?

This vulnerability occurs when an ASP.NET application fails to configure custom error pages, allowing attackers to extract sensitive information from the framework's default error messages.
When an ASP.NET application encounters an error, it can reveal detailed technical information in its default response, such as stack traces, server file paths, database connection details, or snippets of source code. Attackers actively probe for these errors to gather intelligence about your application's internal structure, which they can then use to plan more targeted and damaging attacks. To prevent this, you must configure custom error pages in your web.config file. This ensures that any runtime errors display a generic, user-friendly message to visitors while logging the full technical details securely on the server. This simple configuration step acts as a critical layer of defense, stopping information leaks that could compromise your entire application.
Impacto en el mundo real

Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-12

Todavía no hay CVEs públicos enlazados a esta CWE en el catálogo de MITRE.

Cómo lo explotan los atacantes

Ruta del atacante paso a paso

  1. 1

    The mode attribute of the tag in the Web.config file defines whether custom or default error pages are used.

  2. 2

    In the following insecure ASP.NET application setting, custom error message mode is turned off. An ASP.NET error message with detailed stack trace and platform versions will be returned.

  3. 3

    A more secure setting is to set the custom error message mode for remote users only. No defaultRedirect error page is specified. The local user on the web server will see a detailed stack trace. For remote users, an ASP.NET error message with the server customError configuration setting and the platform version will be returned.

  4. 4

    Another secure option is to set the mode attribute of the tag to use a custom page as follows:

Ejemplo de código vulnerable

Vulnerable ASP.NET

In the following insecure ASP.NET application setting, custom error message mode is turned off. An ASP.NET error message with detailed stack trace and platform versions will be returned.

Vulnerable ASP.NET
<customErrors mode="Off" />
Ejemplo de código seguro

Secure ASP.NET

A more secure setting is to set the custom error message mode for remote users only. No defaultRedirect error page is specified. The local user on the web server will see a detailed stack trace. For remote users, an ASP.NET error message with the server customError configuration setting and the platform version will be returned.

Seguro ASP.NET
<customErrors mode="RemoteOnly" />
What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.
Lista de prevención

How to prevent CWE-12

  • System Configuration Handle exceptions appropriately in source code. ASP .NET applications should be configured to use custom error pages instead of the framework default page.
  • Architecture and Design Do not attempt to process an error or attempt to mask it.
  • Implementation Verify return values are correct and do not supply sensitive information about the system.
Señales de detección

How to detect CWE-12

SAST High

Ejecuta análisis estático (SAST) sobre el código buscando el patrón inseguro en el flujo de datos.

DAST Moderate

Ejecuta pruebas dinámicas de seguridad de aplicaciones (DAST) contra el endpoint en vivo.

Runtime Moderate

Vigila los logs en tiempo de ejecución para detectar trazas de excepción inusuales, entradas malformadas o intentos de bypass de autorización.

Code review Moderate

Revisión de código: marca cualquier código nuevo que maneje entrada desde esta superficie sin usar los helpers validados del framework.

CWE-12

Don't catalog this weakness. Prove it's reachable.

Plexicus turns CWE catalogs into evidence: every CWE-pattern is matched against your real code graph, reach is proven on a sandbox clone, and verified findings ship as reviewed PRs.

Preguntas frecuentes

Frequently asked questions

¿Qué es CWE-12?

This vulnerability occurs when an ASP.NET application fails to configure custom error pages, allowing attackers to extract sensitive information from the framework's default error messages.

¿Qué gravedad tiene CWE-12?

MITRE no ha publicado una calificación de probabilidad de explotación para esta debilidad. Trátala como de impacto medio hasta que tu modelo de amenazas demuestre lo contrario.

¿Qué lenguajes o plataformas se ven afectados por CWE-12?

MITRE lists the following affected platforms: ASP.NET.

¿Cómo puedo prevenir CWE-12?

Handle exceptions appropriately in source code. ASP .NET applications should be configured to use custom error pages instead of the framework default page. Do not attempt to process an error or attempt to mask it.

¿Cómo detecta y corrige Plexicus CWE-12?

El motor SAST de Plexicus detecta la firma de flujo de datos para CWE-12 en cada commit. Cuando hay coincidencia, nuestro agente Codex Remedium abre un PR de corrección con el código corregido, las pruebas y un resumen de una línea para el revisor.

¿Dónde puedo aprender más sobre CWE-12?

MITRE publica la definición canónica en https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/12.html. También puedes consultar la documentación de OWASP y NIST para guías relacionadas.

¿Listo para validar lo que importa?

Listo para validar lo que importa.

Plexicus es Proof-Driven AppSec: hallazgos validados, comprensión contextual y remediación revisada — anclada en evidencia, acotada contigo.

Calificación

Comprueba si el AI Swarm Pentest encaja en tu entorno.

Déjanos el contexto mínimo. Revisaremos el alcance y te indicaremos el siguiente paso comercial.

Antes de enviar — verifica que encajas

0 / 280

Sin compromiso. Si no encajas, te lo decimos.

SAMPLE HANDOVER · ILLUSTRATIVE

Sample evidence handover

A trimmed view of what your team receives at the end of an AI Swarm Pentest engagement. Real engagements include full technical evidence, executive narrative, and a remediation plan.

VALIDATED FINDING Evidence attached

Server-Side Request Forgery in webhooks/receiver

demo-project/sample-app · src/webhooks/receiver.py:42

SeverityHigh CVSS 3.18.6 Priority79 Confirmedvia replay

Untrusted caller-supplied URLs reach an internal egress without an allowlist. Replayed in a sandbox against a fresh authorized target — the same control was validated to fail twice.

REVIEWER-READY REMEDIATION Merge-ready PR

Validate the target URL against an allowlist of permitted hostnames. Reject private/internal IP ranges. Enforce HTTPS only.

plexicus/remediation/webhooks-ssrf 3 changed · 0 new files
42resp = requests.get(target_url)
42+if not is_allowed_host(target_url):
43+  raise WebhookRejected(target_url)
44+resp = requests.get(target_url, timeout=5)
Every engagement hands over:
  • Executive briefing
  • Validated findings list
  • Merge-ready PRs
  • Compliance mapping (NIS2 · DORA · CRA)
Ronda privada Para inversores