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CWE-843 Base Incomplet
Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type ('Type Confusion')
Type confusion occurs when a program creates a resource—like a pointer, object, or variable—with one data type, but later incorrectly accesses it as a different, incompatible type.
Définition
What is CWE-843?
Type confusion occurs when a program creates a resource—like a pointer, object, or variable—with one data type, but later incorrectly accesses it as a different, incompatible type.
This mismatch can cause the program to misinterpret the data in memory, leading to logical errors, crashes, or unexpected behavior because the resource lacks the properties the code expects. In memory-unsafe languages like C and C++, this often results in dangerous out-of-bounds memory access, corrupting data or creating security vulnerabilities.
While commonly seen with C/C++ unions when parsing complex data structures, type confusion can appear in many languages. For instance, PHP might fail if an array is passed where a single value is required, and languages like Perl that perform automatic type conversion can also introduce subtle bugs when variables are accessed as unintended types.
Impact réel
Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-843
-
Type confusion in CSS sequence leads to out-of-bounds read.
-
Size inconsistency allows code execution, first discovered when it was actively exploited in-the-wild.
-
Improperly-parsed file containing records of different types leads to code execution when a memory location is interpreted as a different object than intended.
Comment les attaquants l'exploitent
Parcours de l'attaquant étape par étape
- 1
The following code uses a union to support the representation of different types of messages. It formats messages differently, depending on their type.
- 2
The code intends to process the message as a NAME_TYPE, and sets the default message to "Hello World." However, since both buf.name and buf.nameID are part of the same union, they can act as aliases for the same memory location, depending on memory layout after compilation.
- 3
As a result, modification of buf.nameID - an int - can effectively modify the pointer that is stored in buf.name - a string.
- 4
Execution of the program might generate output such as:
- 5
``` Pointer of name is 10830 Pointer of name is now 10831 Message: ello World ```
Exemple de code vulnérable
Vulnerable C
The following code uses a union to support the representation of different types of messages. It formats messages differently, depending on their type.
#define NAME_TYPE 1
#define ID_TYPE 2
struct MessageBuffer
{
int msgType;
union {
char *name;
int nameID;
};
};
int main (int argc, char **argv) {
struct MessageBuffer buf;
char *defaultMessage = "Hello World";
buf.msgType = NAME_TYPE;
buf.name = defaultMessage;
printf("Pointer of buf.name is %p\n", buf.name);
```
/* This particular value for nameID is used to make the code architecture-independent. If coming from untrusted input, it could be any value. */*
buf.nameID = (int)(defaultMessage + 1);
printf("Pointer of buf.name is now %p\n", buf.name);
if (buf.msgType == NAME_TYPE) {
```
printf("Message: %s\n", buf.name);
}
else {
printf("Message: Use ID %d\n", buf.nameID);
}
} Exemple de code sécurisé
Secure pseudo
// Validate, sanitize, or use a safe API before reaching the sink.
function handleRequest(input) {
const safe = validateAndEscape(input);
return executeWithGuards(safe);
} What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.
Liste de contrôle de prévention
How to prevent CWE-843
- Architecture Use safe-by-default frameworks and APIs that prevent the unsafe pattern from being expressible.
- Implementation Validate input at trust boundaries; use allowlists, not denylists.
- Implementation Apply the principle of least privilege to credentials, file paths, and runtime permissions.
- Testing Cover this weakness in CI: SAST rules + targeted unit tests for the data flow.
- Operation Monitor logs for the runtime signals listed in the next section.
Signaux de détection
How to detect CWE-843
Exécuter des tests de sécurité applicative dynamique (DAST) contre le point de terminaison en ligne.
Surveiller les journaux runtime pour détecter des traces d'exception inhabituelles, des entrées malformées ou des tentatives de contournement d'autorisation.
Revue de code : signaler tout nouveau code qui traite les entrées de cette surface sans utiliser les helpers du framework validés.
CWE-843
Don't catalog this weakness. Prove it's reachable.
Plexicus turns CWE catalogs into evidence: every CWE-pattern is matched against your real code graph, reach is proven on a sandbox clone, and verified findings ship as reviewed PRs.
Questions fréquentes Qu'est-ce que CWE-843 ?
Quelle est la gravité de CWE-843 ?
Quels langages ou plateformes sont affectés par CWE-843 ?
Comment puis-je prévenir CWE-843 ?
Comment Plexicus détecte et corrige CWE-843 ?
Où puis-je en savoir plus sur CWE-843 ?
Frequently asked questions
Qu'est-ce que CWE-843 ?
Type confusion occurs when a program creates a resource—like a pointer, object, or variable—with one data type, but later incorrectly accesses it as a different, incompatible type.
Quelle est la gravité de CWE-843 ?
MITRE n'a pas publié de note de probabilité d'exploitation pour cette faiblesse. Traitez-la comme un impact moyen jusqu'à ce que votre modèle de menace prouve le contraire.
Quels langages ou plateformes sont affectés par CWE-843 ?
MITRE lists the following affected platforms: C, C++.
Comment puis-je prévenir CWE-843 ?
Use safe-by-default frameworks, validate untrusted input at trust boundaries, and apply the principle of least privilege. Cover the data-flow signature in CI with SAST.
Comment Plexicus détecte et corrige CWE-843 ?
Le moteur SAST de Plexicus reconnaît la signature de flux de données de CWE-843 à chaque commit. Lorsqu'une correspondance est trouvée, notre agent Codex Remedium ouvre une PR de correction avec le code corrigé, les tests et un résumé d'une ligne pour le relecteur.
Où puis-je en savoir plus sur CWE-843 ?
MITRE publie la définition canonique à https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/843.html. Vous pouvez également consulter la documentation OWASP et NIST pour des conseils adjacents.
Faiblesses associées
Weaknesses related to CWE-843
CWE-704 Parent
Incorrect Type Conversion or Cast
This vulnerability occurs when software incorrectly changes data from one type to another, leading to unexpected behavior or security flaws.
CWE-1389 Frère
Incorrect Parsing of Numbers with Different Radices
This vulnerability occurs when software processes numeric input expecting standard decimal numbers (base 10), but fails to handle inputs…
CWE-588 Frère
Attempt to Access Child of a Non-structure Pointer
This vulnerability occurs when code incorrectly treats a pointer to a basic data type (like an integer) as if it points to a structured…
CWE-681 Frère
Incorrect Conversion between Numeric Types
This vulnerability occurs when a program converts a value from one numeric type to another (like a 64-bit integer to a 32-bit integer) and…
CWE-119 Peut précéder
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
This vulnerability occurs when software accesses a memory buffer but reads from or writes to a location outside its allocated boundary.…
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