CWE-581 Variante Brouillon

Object Model Violation: Just One of Equals and Hashcode Defined

This vulnerability occurs when a Java class defines either the equals() method or the hashCode() method, but not both, breaking a fundamental contract of object equality.

Définition

What is CWE-581?

This vulnerability occurs when a Java class defines either the equals() method or the hashCode() method, but not both, breaking a fundamental contract of object equality.
In Java, the `equals()` and `hashCode()` methods work as a pair to define object identity for collections like `HashMap` and `HashSet`. When you override only one of these methods, you violate a core rule: if two objects are considered equal by the `equals()` method, they must return the same `hashCode()` value. Failing to uphold this contract causes unpredictable behavior in hash-based collections, leading to objects that are 'equal' being stored separately, becoming impossible to retrieve, or causing duplicate entries. To fix this, always override both methods together, ensuring their logic is based on the same set of object attributes. Use your IDE's generator or a library like Lombok to maintain consistency. This ensures your objects behave correctly in all standard Java collections and prevents subtle, hard-to-debug errors in your application's data handling.
Impact réel

Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-581

Aucune référence CVE publique n'est liée à ce CWE dans le catalogue MITRE pour le moment.

Comment les attaquants l'exploitent

Parcours de l'attaquant étape par étape

  1. 1

    Identifier un chemin de code qui traite des entrées non fiables sans validation.

  2. 2

    Élaborer une charge utile qui exploite le comportement non sécurisé — injection, traversal, débordement ou abus de logique.

  3. 3

    Délivrer la charge utile via une requête normale et observer la réaction de l'application.

  4. 4

    Itérer jusqu'à ce que la réponse divulgue des données, exécute le code de l'attaquant ou élève les privilèges.

Exemple de code vulnérable

Vulnerable pseudo

MITRE n'a pas publié d'exemple de code pour ce CWE. Le motif ci-dessous est illustratif — voir Ressources pour les références canoniques.

Vulnérable pseudo
// Example pattern — see MITRE for the canonical references.
function handleRequest(input) {
  // Untrusted input flows directly into the sensitive sink.
  return executeUnsafe(input);
}
Exemple de code sécurisé

Secure pseudo

Sécurisé pseudo
// Validate, sanitize, or use a safe API before reaching the sink.
function handleRequest(input) {
  const safe = validateAndEscape(input);
  return executeWithGuards(safe);
}
What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.
Liste de contrôle de prévention

How to prevent CWE-581

  • Implementation Both Equals() and Hashcode() should be defined.
Signaux de détection

How to detect CWE-581

Automated Static Analysis High

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

CWE-581

Don't catalog this weakness. Prove it's reachable.

Plexicus turns CWE catalogs into evidence: every CWE-pattern is matched against your real code graph, reach is proven on a sandbox clone, and verified findings ship as reviewed PRs.

Questions fréquentes

Frequently asked questions

Qu'est-ce que CWE-581 ?

This vulnerability occurs when a Java class defines either the equals() method or the hashCode() method, but not both, breaking a fundamental contract of object equality.

Quelle est la gravité de CWE-581 ?

MITRE n'a pas publié de note de probabilité d'exploitation pour cette faiblesse. Traitez-la comme un impact moyen jusqu'à ce que votre modèle de menace prouve le contraire.

Quels langages ou plateformes sont affectés par CWE-581 ?

MITRE lists the following affected platforms: Java.

Comment puis-je prévenir CWE-581 ?

Both Equals() and Hashcode() should be defined.

Comment Plexicus détecte et corrige CWE-581 ?

Le moteur SAST de Plexicus reconnaît la signature de flux de données de CWE-581 à chaque commit. Lorsqu'une correspondance est trouvée, notre agent Codex Remedium ouvre une PR de correction avec le code corrigé, les tests et un résumé d'une ligne pour le relecteur.

Où puis-je en savoir plus sur CWE-581 ?

MITRE publie la définition canonique à https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/581.html. Vous pouvez également consulter la documentation OWASP et NIST pour des conseils adjacents.

Faiblesses associées

Weaknesses related to CWE-581

CWE-573 Parent

Improper Following of Specification by Caller

This weakness occurs when software fails to properly follow the documented rules, protocols, or requirements of an external component it…

CWE-103 Frère

Struts: Incomplete validate() Method Definition

This vulnerability occurs in a Struts application when a validator form either completely omits a validate() method or includes one but…

CWE-104 Frère

Struts: Form Bean Does Not Extend Validation Class

This vulnerability occurs in Apache Struts applications when a form bean class does not properly extend the framework's validation class.…

CWE-243 Frère

Creation of chroot Jail Without Changing Working Directory

This vulnerability occurs when a program creates a chroot jail but fails to change its current working directory afterward. Because the…

CWE-253 Frère

Incorrect Check of Function Return Value

This vulnerability occurs when a program misinterprets or improperly validates the return value from a function, causing it to miss…

CWE-296 Frère

Improper Following of a Certificate's Chain of Trust

This vulnerability occurs when software fails to properly validate the entire certificate chain back to a trusted root authority. This…

CWE-304 Frère

Missing Critical Step in Authentication

This vulnerability occurs when a software authentication process omits a required step, weakening its overall security.

CWE-325 Frère

Missing Cryptographic Step

This vulnerability occurs when a software implementation skips a critical step in a cryptographic process, resulting in security that is…

CWE-329 Frère

Generation of Predictable IV with CBC Mode

This vulnerability occurs when software uses a predictable or reused Initialization Vector (IV) with Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode…

Prêt à valider l'essentiel ?

Prêt à valider ce qui compte.

Plexicus est Proof-Driven AppSec : findings validés, compréhension contextuelle et remédiation relue — ancrée dans la preuve, scopée avec vous.

Qualification

Vérifiez si l'AI Swarm Pentest convient à votre environnement.

Partagez le contexte minimum. Nous vérifierons le périmètre et indiquerons la prochaine étape commerciale.

Avant d'envoyer — vérifiez que vous correspondez

0 / 280

Sans engagement. Si vous ne correspondez pas, nous vous le dirons.

SAMPLE HANDOVER · ILLUSTRATIVE

Sample evidence handover

A trimmed view of what your team receives at the end of an AI Swarm Pentest engagement. Real engagements include full technical evidence, executive narrative, and a remediation plan.

VALIDATED FINDING Evidence attached

Server-Side Request Forgery in webhooks/receiver

demo-project/sample-app · src/webhooks/receiver.py:42

SeverityHigh CVSS 3.18.6 Priority79 Confirmedvia replay

Untrusted caller-supplied URLs reach an internal egress without an allowlist. Replayed in a sandbox against a fresh authorized target — the same control was validated to fail twice.

REVIEWER-READY REMEDIATION Merge-ready PR

Validate the target URL against an allowlist of permitted hostnames. Reject private/internal IP ranges. Enforce HTTPS only.

plexicus/remediation/webhooks-ssrf 3 changed · 0 new files
42resp = requests.get(target_url)
42+if not is_allowed_host(target_url):
43+  raise WebhookRejected(target_url)
44+resp = requests.get(target_url, timeout=5)
Every engagement hands over:
  • Executive briefing
  • Validated findings list
  • Merge-ready PRs
  • Compliance mapping (NIS2 · DORA · CRA)
Tour privé Pour les investisseurs