CWE-188 Base Brouillon Low likelihood

Reliance on Data/Memory Layout

This vulnerability occurs when software incorrectly assumes how data is structured in memory or within network packets, leading to unexpected behavior when those underlying layouts change.

Définition

What is CWE-188?

This vulnerability occurs when software incorrectly assumes how data is structured in memory or within network packets, leading to unexpected behavior when those underlying layouts change.
At the system level, memory layout is not universal. Different compilers, architectures, or platform updates can change how variables are ordered, aligned, or padded in memory. For example, one system might place two variables adjacent to each other, while another inserts space between them for performance alignment. If your code assumes a specific, fixed arrangement—like calculating offsets between variables—it will break when ported or run in a different environment, potentially reading corrupt data or causing crashes. In network protocols, similar risks exist when parsing messages. Developers often use fixed offsets relative to known header fields to locate specific data. However, new protocol versions, optional extensions, or edge cases can introduce unexpected padding or reorder fields. This causes the software to misinterpret packet contents, treating one type of data (like a length field) as another (like payload data), which can lead to security flaws like information disclosure or denial of service.
Impact réel

Real-world CVEs caused by CWE-188

Aucune référence CVE publique n'est liée à ce CWE dans le catalogue MITRE pour le moment.

Comment les attaquants l'exploitent

Parcours de l'attaquant étape par étape

  1. 1

    Identifier un chemin de code qui traite des entrées non fiables sans validation.

  2. 2

    Élaborer une charge utile qui exploite le comportement non sécurisé — injection, traversal, débordement ou abus de logique.

  3. 3

    Délivrer la charge utile via une requête normale et observer la réaction de l'application.

  4. 4

    Itérer jusqu'à ce que la réponse divulgue des données, exécute le code de l'attaquant ou élève les privilèges.

Exemple de code vulnérable

Vulnerable C

In this example function, the memory address of variable b is derived by adding 1 to the address of variable a. This derived address is then used to assign the value 0 to b.

Vulnérable C
void example() {
  	char a;
  	char b;
  	*(&a + 1) = 0;
  }
Exemple de code sécurisé

Secure pseudo

Sécurisé pseudo
// Validate, sanitize, or use a safe API before reaching the sink.
function handleRequest(input) {
  const safe = validateAndEscape(input);
  return executeWithGuards(safe);
}
What changed: the unsafe sink is replaced (or the input is validated/escaped) so the same payload no longer triggers the weakness.
Liste de contrôle de prévention

How to prevent CWE-188

  • Implementation / Architecture and Design In flat address space situations, never allow computing memory addresses as offsets from another memory address.
  • Architecture and Design Fully specify protocol layout unambiguously, providing a structured grammar (e.g., a compilable yacc grammar).
  • Testing Testing: Test that the implementation properly handles each case in the protocol grammar.
Signaux de détection

How to detect CWE-188

Fuzzing High

Fuzz testing (fuzzing) is a powerful technique for generating large numbers of diverse inputs - either randomly or algorithmically - and dynamically invoking the code with those inputs. Even with random inputs, it is often capable of generating unexpected results such as crashes, memory corruption, or resource consumption. Fuzzing effectively produces repeatable test cases that clearly indicate bugs, which helps developers to diagnose the issues.

CWE-188

Don't catalog this weakness. Prove it's reachable.

Plexicus turns CWE catalogs into evidence: every CWE-pattern is matched against your real code graph, reach is proven on a sandbox clone, and verified findings ship as reviewed PRs.

Questions fréquentes

Frequently asked questions

Qu'est-ce que CWE-188 ?

This vulnerability occurs when software incorrectly assumes how data is structured in memory or within network packets, leading to unexpected behavior when those underlying layouts change.

Quelle est la gravité de CWE-188 ?

MITRE évalue la probabilité d'exploitation comme Faible — l'exploitation est rare, mais la faiblesse doit tout de même être corrigée lorsqu'elle est découverte.

Quels langages ou plateformes sont affectés par CWE-188 ?

MITRE lists the following affected platforms: C, C++.

Comment puis-je prévenir CWE-188 ?

In flat address space situations, never allow computing memory addresses as offsets from another memory address. Fully specify protocol layout unambiguously, providing a structured grammar (e.g., a compilable yacc grammar).

Comment Plexicus détecte et corrige CWE-188 ?

Le moteur SAST de Plexicus reconnaît la signature de flux de données de CWE-188 à chaque commit. Lorsqu'une correspondance est trouvée, notre agent Codex Remedium ouvre une PR de correction avec le code corrigé, les tests et un résumé d'une ligne pour le relecteur.

Où puis-je en savoir plus sur CWE-188 ?

MITRE publie la définition canonique à https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/188.html. Vous pouvez également consulter la documentation OWASP et NIST pour des conseils adjacents.

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Prêt à valider ce qui compte.

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SAMPLE HANDOVER · ILLUSTRATIVE

Sample evidence handover

A trimmed view of what your team receives at the end of an AI Swarm Pentest engagement. Real engagements include full technical evidence, executive narrative, and a remediation plan.

VALIDATED FINDING Evidence attached

Server-Side Request Forgery in webhooks/receiver

demo-project/sample-app · src/webhooks/receiver.py:42

SeverityHigh CVSS 3.18.6 Priority79 Confirmedvia replay

Untrusted caller-supplied URLs reach an internal egress without an allowlist. Replayed in a sandbox against a fresh authorized target — the same control was validated to fail twice.

REVIEWER-READY REMEDIATION Merge-ready PR

Validate the target URL against an allowlist of permitted hostnames. Reject private/internal IP ranges. Enforce HTTPS only.

plexicus/remediation/webhooks-ssrf 3 changed · 0 new files
42resp = requests.get(target_url)
42+if not is_allowed_host(target_url):
43+  raise WebhookRejected(target_url)
44+resp = requests.get(target_url, timeout=5)
Every engagement hands over:
  • Executive briefing
  • Validated findings list
  • Merge-ready PRs
  • Compliance mapping (NIS2 · DORA · CRA)
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